All about the Teres Major and Minor

Teres Major

• Anatomy: The teres major is a thick, triangular muscle located on the back of the scapula (shoulder blade). It originates from the inferior angle and lower lateral border of the scapula and inserts into the intertubercular groove of the humerus.
• Function: The teres major assists in various movements, including shoulder extension, adduction, and internal rotation. It works synergistically with the latissimus dorsi in activities like pulling, rowing, and throwing.
• Secrets: Despite its relatively small size, the teres major is a powerful muscle, contributing significantly to the strength and stability of the shoulder joint. Its role in shoulder function is often underestimated, and its engagement is crucial for overall upper-body performance.
• Relation to Other Muscles: The teres major works closely with the latissimus dorsi, forming a functional unit in shoulder movements. Additionally, it interacts with the rotator cuff muscles, especially during movements involving internal rotation.

Teres Minor

• Anatomy: The teres minor is a small, elongated muscle situated on the lateral aspect of the scapula. It originates from the lateral border of the scapula and inserts into the greater tubercle of the humerus.
• Function: The teres minor primarily contributes to shoulder external rotation. It works synergistically with the infraspinatus, another rotator cuff muscle, in providing stability to the shoulder joint during various arm movements.
• Secrets: Despite its size, the teres minor plays a crucial role in maintaining shoulder joint integrity and facilitating smooth and controlled movements. It is an essential component of the rotator cuff, contributing to overall shoulder health.
• Relation to Other Muscles: The teres minor is part of the rotator cuff along with the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and subscapularis. Together, these muscles work to stabilize the shoulder joint and ensure proper functioning during activities involving arm rotation.

Conclusion

In summary, both the teres major and teres minor are integral components of the shoulder complex, contributing to shoulder stability, strength, and a wide range of arm movements. Understanding their anatomy, functions, and relationships with other muscles is crucial for designing effective training and rehabilitation programs.